Diagnosis and Treatment

APCaRI > Prostate Cancer > Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

There are numerous methods of detecting and diagnosing prostate cancer:

    • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) – The doctor gently inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to check for growths and an enlargement of the prostate gland.
      Digital_Rectal_Examination_pic
    • Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test – PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland that is released into the bloodstream in small amounts, and is detected via blood tests. If the PSA amount within the blood is higher than normal, prostate cancer is likely present.
    • Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3) Test – This test is conducted via a urine sample to detect PCA3, a gene that is over expressed in prostate cancer cells. Its presence in urine indicates the existence of prostate cancer.
    • Percent-Free PSA Ratio – This blood test measures the amount of PSA that circulates individually (unbound) in the blood, as well as the amount that is bound with other blood proteins. If PSA results are elevated and the percent-free ratio is low, prostate cancer is likely to be present.
    • Ultrasound – A transrectal ultrasound provides an image that can be used to determine the size of the prostate gland and detect suspicious tissue.
    • Biopsy– A prostate biopsy involves removing small amounts of tissue to examine under a microscope, which allows doctors to determine whether cancer is present.

Prostate_Biopsy_Pic

Treatment

Several treatment options are available for prostate cancer patients. The standard therapies for men with organ-confined, or localized, prostate cancer include:

  • Active Surveillance – Conducting regular digital rectal examinations, PSA tests and repeat prostate biopsies is a treatment option if prostate cancer is not causing symptoms and anticipated to grow slowly.
  • Surgery (Prostatectomy) – Surgical treatment involves removing the prostate gland and seminal vesicles and in some cases sampling lymph nodes in the pelvis.
  • Radiation Therapy – During radiation treatment, high energy X-Ray waves are targeted at cancerous tumors resulting in damage to the DNA of the cells, leading to death of the cancer cells.
  • External Beam Radiotherapy – X-ray beams are passed through the body from the outside (like a Chest Xray), aimed at the prostate gland, in small doses over many days.
  • Brachytherapy – Radioactive seeds/pellets are implanted in the prostate gland and give off radiation over many days to the prostate gland.

Other treatment options include:

  • Hormonal Therapy – Most prostate cancer cells are dependent upon testosterone (male hormone) for growth. Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer involves removing or blocking the effects of testosterone and its stimulating effect on prostate cancer cells.
  • Cryotherapy – Cryotherapy is a relatively new form of treatment that uses controlled freeze and thaw cycles to destroy prostate cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy – Typically is used to treat advanced, castrate resistant disease, chemotherapy is a systematic treatment that uses anticancer medication to destroy cancer cells.

To learn about other available treatment options, talk with your doctor.

For more information please visit the Prostate Cancer Canada website.

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Physician in operating room

Recognizing 10 years of philanthropy for prostate cancer research

October 12, 2022 – Edmonton, AB – Two powerhouse researchers in prostate cancer will change the way we treat the disease, thanks to funding from legendary volunteer fundraisers, the Bird Dogs and the Alberta Cancer Foundation.

Working with the Alberta Cancer Foundation and the University of Alberta, the Bird Dogs have enabled a new one-term, five-year chair position to further prostate cancer research — the Bird Dogs Chair in Translational Oncology, a position to be held by researcher Dr. John Lewis. For the last 10 years, Dr. Lewis has held the Frank and Carla Sojonky Chair in Prostate Cancer Research, made possible by a $5 million endowment from the Bird Dogs. Taking over from Dr. Lewis in this position will be surgeon-scientist, Dr. Adam Kinnaird.

“Dr. Lewis’s work in prostate cancer has laid a strong foundation of institutional excellence in the field. Thanks to the generous support of the Bird Dogs and Alberta Cancer Foundation, I look forward to future collaborations between Drs. Kinnaird and Lewis to keep the momentum in world-class prostate cancer research moving forward at the University of Alberta, research that will have immediate impact for Albertans and Canadians with prostate cancer,” says Dr. Brenda Hemmelgarn, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry at the University of Alberta.

As the Bird Dogs Chair in Translational Oncology, Dr. Lewis will focus on driving the clinical translation and commercialization of novel technologies arising from cancer research in Alberta. In partnership with Dr. Kinnaird, the two researchers will collaborate to drive world-class prostate cancer research in Alberta with a common goal of supporting research that helps better understand, diagnose and treat prostate cancer — the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men.

“The Frank and Carla Sojonky Chair in Prostate Cancer Research allows my team to conduct practice-changing clinical trials using state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Because of this funding, we are leading international trials in recruitment and conducting important clinical trials locally to help improve the quality of prostate cancer care for Albertans,” shares Dr. Kinnaird.

During his ten-year tenure as the Frank and Carla Sojonky Chair, Dr. Lewis developed a real-time metastatic imaging model, researched the genetic mechanisms of cancer metastasis, and discovered promising anti-metastatic targets for use as gene therapies, and novel cancer biomarkers for use in biofluid diagnostics. In 2013, with the support of the Bird Dogs and Alberta Cancer Foundation, Dr. Lewis founded the Alberta Prostate Cancer Research Institute (APCaRI), an international collaborative network of prostate cancer scientists, physicians, healthcare employees, and patients. APCaRI’s mission is to accelerate the translation of prostate cancer research from the laboratory to the clinic to improve the lives of men with prostate cancer. Through APCaRI, the Lewis team established a patient data registry and biorepository that has grown into one of the largest prostate cancer databases in the world. Dr. Lewis also founded several spinoff companies including Entos Pharmaceuticals, OncoSenX, and Nanostics to bring innovative therapies and diagnostic tests to patients. Nanostics is currently in the process of launching a simple blood test called ClarityDX Prostate® that can aid in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, as the group’s research has shown that using ClarityDX Prostate® as a reflex test vs. the PSA test alone could have resulted in 37 percent fewer unnecessary biopsies.

“The support of the Bird Dogs and the generous community in Alberta has enabled us to develop innovative technologies to help fight prostate cancer,” says Dr. Lewis, Professor, and CEO of Nanostics. “Now, as the new Chair in Translational Oncology, my laboratory will continue to work to develop ways to block the spread of cancer and improve the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer for men in Alberta and beyond.”

The Edmonton-based Bird Dogs have passionately supported prostate cancer research for over a decade in memory of the late Frank Sojonky, a businessperson and philanthropist who faced prostate cancer for more than two decades. This year marks 10 years of the Frank & Carla Sojonky Chair in Prostate Cancer Research and the dedicated effort into prostate cancer research.

“We are incredibly grateful to the Bird Dogs and the legacy they have created as well as being the inspiration behind this next evolution of cancer research. Dr. Lewis and Dr. Kinnaird working together will see more discoveries to patients faster and improve the way we treat this cancer and others — not just here in Alberta but around the world,” says Wendy Beauchesne, CEO, Alberta Cancer Foundation

About Nanostics Inc.

Nanostics is a private Alberta-based company focused on the development and commercialization of novel and noninvasive diagnostic tests. Its core technology, ClarityDX®, uses advanced machine learning algorithms to create a disease risk score. ClarityDX® is applicable to a wide range of cancers and other diseases. Nanostics’ lead product, ClarityDX Prostate®, is a test that improves the accuracy of detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. Read more at: www.nanosticsdx.com.

About the Alberta Cancer Foundation

The Alberta Cancer Foundation directly supports the 17 cancer centres across the province, including the new Calgary Cancer Centre and the Tom Baker Cancer Centre in Calgary and Cross Cancer Institute in Edmonton. Our purpose is to create more moments for Albertans facing cancer by inspiring our community to give to innovation in detection, treatment, and care. Thanks to the generosity of our donors we are able to invest in research and care initiatives that will provide real-life returns for Albertans facing cancer. We support every Albertan, no matter what type of cancer they face or where they live in the province.

For media inquiries, contact:

Phoebe Dey
VP Communications & Marketing
Alberta Cancer Foundation
(780) 700-6120

Perrin Beatty, Ph.D.
Communications Lead
Nanostics Inc.
1-800-672-2027

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