Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
Dr. Boutros completed his PhD in the Department of Medical Biophysics at the University of Toronto in 2008. His research focuses on the development of novel computational techniques to advance personalized medicine, such as cancer treatment geared towards a tumor’s molecular profile.
Relevant Publications
Peltekova VD, Lemire M, Qazi AM, Zaidi SH, Trinh QM, Bielecki R, Rogers M, Hodgson L, Wang M, D’Souza DJ, Zandi S, Chong T, Kwan JY, Kozak K, De Borja R, Timms L, Rangrej J, Volar M, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Beck T, Ash C, Lee S, Wang J, Boutros PC, Stein LD, Dick JE, Gryfe R, McPherson JD, Zanke BW, Pollett A, Gallinger S, Hudson TJ. Identification of genes expressed by immune cells of the colon that are regulated by colorectal cancer-associated variants. Int J Cancer. 2014 May 15;134(10):2330-41.
Cappello P, Blaser H, Gorrini C, Lin DC, Elia AJ, Wakeham A, Haider S, Boutros PC, Mason JM, Miller NA, Youngson B, Done SJ, Mak TW. Role of Nek2 on centrosome duplication and aneuploidy in breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2014 May 1;33(18):2375-84.
Boutros PC, Ewing AD, Ellrott K, Norman TC, Dang KK, Hu Y, Kellen MR, Suver C, Bare JC, Stein LD, Spellman PT, Stolovitzky G, Friend SH, Margolin AA, Stuart JM. Global optimization of somatic variant identification in cancer genomes with a global community challenge. Nat Genet. 2014 Apr;46(4):318-9.
Real FX, Boutros PC, Malats N. Next-generation Sequencing of Urologic Cancers: Next Is Now. Eur Urol. 2014 Apr 5. pii: S0302-2838(14)00281-4.
Coschi CH, Ishak CA, Gallo D, Marshall A, Talluri S, Wang J, Cecchini MJ, Martens AL, Percy V, Welch I, Boutros PC, Brown GW, Dick FA. Haploinsufficiency of an RB-E2F1-Condensin II complex leads to aberrant replication and aneuploidy. Cancer Discov. 2014 Apr 16. [Epub ahead of print]
Govind SK, Zia A, Hennings-Yeomans PH, Watson JD, Fraser M, Anghel C, Wyatt AW, van der Kwast T, Collins CC, McPherson JD, Bristow RG, Boutros PC. ShatterProof: operational detection and quantification of chromothripsis. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014 Mar 19;15:78.
Miller JK, Buchner N, Timms L, Tam S, Luo X, Brown AM, Pasternack D, Bristow RG, Fraser M, Boutros PC, McPherson JD. Use of Sequenom sample ID Plus® SNP genotyping in identification of FFPE tumor samples. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 13;9(2):e88163.
Chamankhah M, Eftekharpour E, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S, Boutros PC, San-Marina S, Fehlings MG. Genome-wide gene expression profiling of stress response in a spinal cord clip compression injury model. BMC Genomics. 2013 Aug 28;14:583.
Hoeben BA, Starmans MH, Leijenaar RT, Dubois LJ, van der Kogel AJ, Kaanders JH, Boutros PC, Lambin P, Bussink J. Systematic analysis of 18F-FDG PET and metabolism, proliferation and hypoxia markers for classification of head and neck tumors. BMC Cancer. 2014 Feb 26;14:130.
Watson JD, Prokopec SD, Smith AB, Okey AB, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. TCDD dysregulation of 13 AHR-target genes in rat liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Feb 1;274(3):445-54.
Goard CA, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Mullen PJ, Quiroga AD, Wasylishen AR, Clendening JW, Sendorek DH, Haider S, Lehner R, Boutros PC, Penn LZ. Identifying molecular features that distinguish fluvastatin-sensitive breast tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014 Jan;143(2):301-12.
Liew MS, Sia J, Starmans MH, Tafreshi A, Harris S, Feigen M, White S, Zimet A, Lambin P, Boutros PC, Mitchell P, John T. Comparison of toxicity and outcomes of concurrent radiotherapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel or cisplatin/etoposide in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med. 2013 Dec;2(6):916-24.
Wasylishen AR, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Bros C, Dingar D, Tu WB, Kalkat M, Chan PK, Mullen PJ, Huang L, Meyer N, Raught B, Boutros PC, Penn LZ. MYC phosphorylation at novel regulatory regions suppresses transforming activity. Cancer Res. 2013 Nov 1;73(21):6504-15.
Nichols AC, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Yoo J, Agrawal SK, Starmans MH, Waggott D, Harding NJ, Dowthwaite SA, Palma DA, Fung K, Wehrli B, Macneil SD, Lambin P, Winquist E, Koropatnick J, Mymryk JS, Boutros PC, Barrett JW. A case report and genetic characterization of a massive acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid with delayed distant metastases. Case Rep Oncol Med. 2013:270362.
Koritzinsky M, Levitin F, van den Beucken T, Rumantir RA, Harding NJ, Chu KC, Boutros PC, Braakman I, Wouters BG. Two phases of disulfide bond formation have differing requirements for oxygen. J Cell Biol. 2013 Nov 25;203(4):615-27.
Prokopec SD, Buchner NB, Fox NS, Chong LC, Mak DY, Watson JD, Petronis A, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. Validating reference genes within a mouse model system of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity. Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Sep 5;205(1):63-71.
Dal Pra A, Lalonde E, Sykes J, Warde F, Ishkanian A, Meng A, Maloff C, Srigley J, Joshua AM, Petrovics G, van der Kwast T, Evans A, Milosevic M, Saad F, Collins C, Squire J, Lam W, Bismar TA, Boutros PC, Bristow RG. TMPRSS2-ERG status is not prognostic following prostate cancer radiotherapy: implications for fusion status and DSB repair. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Sep 15;19(18):5202-9.
Gonzalez-Perez A, Mustonen V, Reva B, Ritchie GR, Creixell P, Karchin R, Vazquez M, Fink JL, Kassahn KS, Pearson JV, Bader GD, Boutros PC, Muthuswamy L, Ouellette BF, Reimand J, Linding R, Shibata T, Valencia A, Butler A, Dronov S, Flicek P, Shannon NB, Carter H, Ding L, Sander C, Stuart JM, Stein LD, Lopez-Bigas N; International Cancer Genome Consortium Mutation Pathways and Consequences Subgroup of the Bioinformatics Analyses Working Group. Computational approaches to identify functional genetic variants in cancer genomes. Nat
Methods. 2013 Aug;10(8):723-9.
How C, Hui AB, Alajez NM, Shi W, Boutros PC, Clarke BA, Yan R, Pintilie M, Fyles A, Hedley DW, Hill RP, Milosevic M, Liu FF. MicroRNA-196b regulates the homeobox B7-vascular endothelial growth factor axis in cervical cancer. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 4;8(7):e67846.
John T, Starmans MH, Chen YT, Russell PA, Barnett SA, White SC, Mitchell PL, Walkiewicz M, Azad A, Lambin P, Tsao MS, Deb S, Altorki N, Wright G, Knight S, Boutros PC, Cebon JS. The role of Cancer-Testis antigens as predictive and prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 23;8(7):e67876.
Rushlow DE, Mol BM, Kenn ett JY, Yee S, Pajovic S, Thériault BL, Prigoda-Lee NL, Spencer C, Dimaras H, Corson TW, Pang R, Massey C, Godbout R, Jiang Z, Zacksenhaus E, Paton K, Moll AC, Houdayer C, Raizis A, Halliday W, Lam WL, Boutros PC, Lohmann D, Dorsman JC, Gallie BL. Characterisation of retinoblastomas without RB1 mutations: genomic, gene expression, and clinical studies. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Apr;14(4):327-34.
Ching RW, Ahmed K, Boutros PC, Penn LZ, Bazett-Jones DP. Identifying gene locus associations with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies using immuno-TRAP. J Cell Biol. 2013 Apr 15;201(2):325-35.
Quon G, Haider S, Deshwar AG, Cui A, Boutros PC, Morris Q. Computational purification of individual tumor gene expression profiles leads to significant improvements in prognostic prediction. Genome Med. 2013 Mar 28;5(3):29.
Prokopec SD, Watson JD, Waggott DM, Smith AB, Wu AH, Okey AB, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. Systematic evaluation of medium-throughput mRNA abundance platforms. RNA. 2013 Jan;19(1):51-62.
Lambin P, van Stiphout RG, Starmans MH, Rios-Velazquez E, Nalbantov G, Aerts HJ, Roelofs E, van Elmpt W, Boutros PC, Granone P, Valentini V, Begg AC, De Ruysscher D, Dekker A. Predicting outcomes in radiation oncology—multifactorial decision support systems. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013 Jan;10(1):27-40.
Kim Y, Ignatchenko V, Yao CQ, Kalatskaya I, Nyalwidhe JO, Lance RS, Gramolini AO, Troyer DA, Stein LD, Boutros PC, Medin JA, Semmes OJ, Drake RR, Kislinger T. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in direct expressed prostatic secretions of men with organ-confined versus extracapsular prostate cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2012 Dec;11(12):1870-84.
Starmans MH, Pintilie M, John T, Der SD, Shepherd FA, Jurisica I, Lambin P, Tsao MS, Boutros PC. Exploiting the noise: improving biomarkers with ensembles of data analysis methodologies. Genome Med. 2012 Nov 12;4(11):84.
Yu M, Lin G, Arshadi N, Kalatskaya I, Xue B, Haider S, Nguyen F, Boutros PC, Elson A, Muthuswamy LB, Tonks NK, Muthuswamy SK. Expression profiling during mammary epithelial cell three-dimensional morphogenesis identifies PTPRO as a novel regulator of morphogenesis and ErbB2-mediated transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 2012 Oct;32(19):3913-24.
Chand D, Song L, deLannoy L, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Ackloo S, Boutros PC, Evans K, Belsham DD, Lovejoy DA. C-Terminal region of teneurin-1 co-localizes with dystroglycan and modulates cytoskeletal organization through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent stathmin- and filamin A-mediated mechanism in hippocampal cells. Neuroscience. 2012 Sep 6;219:255-70.
Cortese R, Kwan A, Lalonde E, Bryzgunova O, Bondar A, Wu Y, Gordevicius J, Park M, Oh G, Kaminsky Z, Tverkuviene J, Laurinavicius A, Jankevicius F, Sendorek DH, Haider S, Wang SC, Jarmalaite S, Laktionov P, Boutros PC, Petronis A. Epigenetic markers of prostate cancer in plasma circulating DNA. Hum Mol Genet. 2012 Aug 15;21(16):3619-31.
Lapuk AV, Wu C, Wyatt AW, McPherson A, McConeghy BJ, Brahmbhatt S, Mo F, Zoubeidi A, Anderson S, Bell RH, Haegert A, Shukin R, Wang Y, Fazli L, Hurtado-Coll A, Jones EC, Hach F, Hormozdiari F, Hajirasouliha I, Boutros PC, Bristow RG, Zhao Y, Marra MA, Fanjul A, Maher CA, Chinnaiyan AM, Rubin MA, Beltran H, Sahinalp SC, Gleave ME, Volik SV, Collins CC. From sequence to molecular pathology, and a mechanism driving the neuroendocrine phenotype in prostate cancer. J Pathol. 2012 Jul;227(3):286-97.
Starmans MH, Lieuwes NG, Span PN, Haider S, Dubois L, Nguyen F, van Laarhoven HW, Sweep FC, Wouters BG, Boutros PC, Lambin P. Independent and functional validation of a multi-tumour-type proliferation signature. Br J Cancer. 2012 Jul 24;107(3):508-15.
Luong ML, Hosseini-Moghaddam SM, Singer LG, Chaparro C, Azad S, Lazar N, Boutros PC, Keshavjee S, Rotstein C, Husain S. Risk factors for voriconazole hepatotoxicity at 12 weeks in lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2012 Jul;12(7):1929-35.
Wu C, Wyatt AW, Lapuk AV, McPherson A, McConeghy BJ, Bell RH , Anderson S, Haegert A, Brahmbhatt S, Shukin R, Mo F, Li E, Fazli L, Hurtado-Coll A, Jones EC, Butterfield YS, Hach F, Hormozdiari F, Hajirasouliha I, Boutros PC, Bristow RG, Jones SJ, Hirst M, Marra MA, Maher CA, Chinnaiyan AM, Sahinalp SC, Gleave ME, Volik SV, Collins CC. Integrated genome and transcriptome sequencing identifies a novel form of hybrid and aggressive prostate cancer. J Pathol. 2012 May;227(1):53-61.
Yao CQ, Prokopec SD, Watson JD, Pang R, P’ng C, Chong LC, Harding NJ, Pohjanvirta R, Okey AB, Boutros PC. Inter-strain heterogeneity in rat hepatic transcriptomic responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 15;260(2):135-45.
Nichols AC, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Yoo J, Xu W, Dhaliwal S, Basmaji J, Szeto CC, Dowthwaite S, Todorovic B, Starmans MH, Lambin P, Palma DA, Fung K, Franklin JH, Wehrli B, Kwan K, Koropatnick J, Mymryk JS, Boutros P, Barrett JW. A Pilot Study Comparing HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas by Whole Exome Sequencing. ISRN Oncol. 2012;2012:809370.
Starmans MH, Chu KC, Haider S, Nguyen F, Seigneuric R, Magagnin MG, Koritzinsky M, Kasprzyk A, Boutros PC, Wouters BG, Lambin P. The prognostic value of temporal in vitro and in vivo derived hypoxia gene-expression signatures in breast cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2012 Mar;102(3):436-43.
Goldenberg A, Mostafavi S, Quon G, Boutros PC, Morris QD. Unsupervised detection of genes of influence in lung cancer using biological networks. Bioinformatics. 2011 Nov 15;27(22):3166-72.
Hakem A, Bohgaki M, Lemmers B, Tai E, Salmena L, Matysiak-Zablocki E, Jung YS, Karaskova J, Kaustov L, Duan S, Madore J, Boutros P, Sheng Y, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL, Perez-Ordonez B, Mes-Masson AM, Penn L, Squire J, Chen X, Jurisica I, Arrowsmith C, Sanchez O, Benchimol S, Hakem R. Role of Pirh2 in mediating the regulation of p53 and c-Myc. PLoS Genet. 2011 Nov;7(11):e1002360.
Yan R, Boutros PC, Jurisica I. A tree-based approach for motif discovery and sequence classification. Bioinformatics. 2011 Aug 1;27(15):2054-61.
Elschenbroich S, Ignatchenko V, Clarke B, Kalloger SE, Boutros PC, Gramolini AO, Shaw P, Jurisica I, Kislinger T. In-depth proteomics of ovarian cancer ascites: combining shotgun proteomics and selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2011 May 6;10(5):2286-99.
Boutros PC, Yao CQ, Watson JD, Wu AH, Moffat ID, Prokopec SD, Smith AB, Okey AB, Pohjanvirta R. Hepatic transcriptomic responses to TCDD in dioxin-sensitive and dioxin-resistant rats during the onset of toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Mar 1;251(2):119-29.
Boutros PC, Moffat ID, Okey AB, Pohjanvirta R. mRNA levels in control rat liver display strain-specific, hereditary, and AHR-dependent components. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e18337.
Chen H, Boutros PC. VennDiagram: a package for the generation of highly-customizable Venn and Euler diagrams in R. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011 Jan 26;12:35.
Wong WW, Boutros PC, Wasylishen AR, Guckert KD, O’Brien EM, Griffiths R, Martirosyan AR, Bros C, Jurisica I, Langler RF, Penn LZ. Characterization of the apoptotic response of human leukemia cells to organosulfur compounds. BMC Cancer. 2010 Jul 2;10:351.
Clendening JW, Pandyra A, Li Z, Boutros PC, Martirosyan A, Lehner R, Jurisica I, Trudel S, Penn LZ. Exploiting the mevalonate pathway to distinguish statin-sensitive multiple myeloma. Blood. 2010 Jun 10;115(23):4787-97.
Tan KP, Wang B, Yang M, Boutros PC, Macaulay J, Xu H, Chuang AI, Kosuge K, Yamamoto M, Takahashi S, Wu AM, Ross DD, Harper PA, Ito S. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a transcriptional activator of the human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;78(2):175-85.
Boutros PC. LTR: Linear Cross-Platform Integration of Microarray Data. Cancer Inform. 2010 Aug 27;9:197-208.
Goard CA, Mather RG, Vinepal B, Clendening JW, Martirosyan A, Boutros PC, Sharom FJ, Penn LZ. Differential interactions between statins and P-glycoprotein: implications for exploiting statins as anticancer agents. Int J Cancer. 2010 Dec 15;127(12):2936-48.
Clendening JW, Pandyra A, Boutros PC, El Ghamrasni S, Khosravi F, Trentin GA, Martirosyan A, Hakem A, Hakem R, Jurisica I, Penn LZ. Dysregulation of the mevalonate pathway promotes transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Aug 24;107(34):15051-6.
Boutros PC, Pintilie M, John T, Starmans MH, Der SD, Shepherd FA, Tsao MS, Jurisica I. Re: Gene expression-based prognostic signatures in lung cancer: ready for clinical use? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010 Nov 3;102(21):1677-8; author reply 1678-9.
Boutros PC, Lau SK, Pintilie M, Liu N, Shepherd FA, Der SD, Tsao MS, Penn LZ, Jurisica I. Prognostic gene signatures for non-small-cell lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 24;106(8):2824-8.
Li M, Lee KF, Lu Y, Clarke I, Shih D, Eberhart C, Collins VP, Van Meter T, Picard D, Zhou L, Boutros PC, Modena P, Liang ML, Scherer SW, Bouffet E, Rutka JT, Pomeroy SL, Lau CC, Taylor MD, Gajjar A, Dirks PB, Hawkins CE, Huang A. Frequent amplification of a chr19q13.41 microRNA polycistron in aggressive primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors. Cancer Cell. 2009 Dec 8;16(6):533-46.
Hui AB, Shi W, Boutros PC, Miller N, Pintilie M, Fyles T, McCready D, Wong D, Gerster K, Waldron L, Jurisica I, Penn LZ, Liu FF. Robust global micro-RNA profiling with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues. Lab Invest. 2009 May;89(5):597-606. Erratum in: Lab Invest. 2009 Jun;89(6):726. Waldron, Levi [added].
Franc MA, Moffat ID, Boutros PC, Tuomisto JT, Tuomisto J, Pohjanvirta R, Okey AB. Patterns of dioxin-altered mRNA expression in livers of dioxin-sensitive versus dioxin-resistant rats. Arch Toxicol. 2008 Nov;82(11):809-30. Erratum in: Arch Toxicol. 2008 Nov;82(11):831.
Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC, Moffat ID, Lindén J, Wendelin D, Okey AB. Genome-wide effects of acute progressive feed restriction in liver and white adipose tissue. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Jul 1;230(1):41-56.
Joshua AM, Boutros PC. Web-based resources for clinical bioinformatics. Methods Mol Med. 2008;141:309-29. Review. Beheshti Zavareh R, Lau KS, Hurren R, Datti A, Ashline DJ, Gronda M, Cheung P, Simpson CD, Liu W, Wasylishen AR, Boutros PC, Shi H, Vengopal A, Jurisica I,
Penn LZ, Reinhold VN, Ezzat S, Wrana J, Rose DR, Schachter H, Dennis JW, Schimmer AD. Inhibition of the sodium/potassium ATPase impairs N-glycan expression and function. Cancer Res. 2008 Aug 15;68(16):6688-97. Erratum in: Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 15;68(18):7692.
Boutros PC, Yan R, Moffat ID, Pohjanvirta R, Okey AB. Transcriptomic responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in liver: comparison of rat and mouse. BMC Genomics. 2008 Sep 16;9:419.
Wong WW, Clendening JW, Martirosyan A, Boutros PC, Bro C, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Stewart AK, Bergsagel PL, Penn LZ. Determinants of sensitivity to lovastatin-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Jun;6(6):1886-97.
Lau SK, Boutros PC, Pintilie M, Blackhall FH, Zhu CQ, Strumpf D, Johnston MR, Darling G, Keshavjee S, Waddell TK, Liu N, Lau D, Penn LZ, Shepherd FA, Jurisica I, Der SD, Tsao MS. Three-gene prognostic classifier for early-stage non small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Dec 10;25(35):5562-9.
Kim SS, Shago M, Kaustov L, Boutros PC, Clendening JW, Sheng Y, Trentin GA, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Mao DY, Kay R, Jurisica I, Arrowsmith CH, Penn LZ. CUL7 is a novel antiapoptotic oncogene. Cancer Res. 2007 Oct 15;67(20):9616-22.
Semeralul MO, Boutros PC, Likhodi O, Okey AB, Van Tol HH, Wong AH. Microarray analysis of the developing cortex. J Neurobiol. 2006 Dec;66(14):1646-58.
Bachtiary B, Boutros PC, Pintilie M, Shi W, Bastianutto C, Li JH, Schwock J, Zhang W, Penn LZ, Jurisica I, Fyles A, Liu FF. Gene expression profiling in cervical cancer: an exploration of intratumor heterogeneity. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 1;12(19):5632-40.
Pohjanvirta R, Niittynen M, Lindén J, Boutros PC, Moffat ID, Okey AB. Evaluation of various housekeeping genes for their applicability for normalization of mRNA expression in dioxin-treated rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Mar 25;160(2):134-49.
Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Lau SK, Boutros PC, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Andrulis IL, Tsao MS, Penn LZ. The c-Myc oncogene directly induces the H19 noncoding RNA by allele-specific binding to potentiate tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 2006 May 15;66(10):5330-7.
Pastorelli R, Carpi D, Campagna R, Airoldi L, Pohjanvirta R, Viluksela M, Hakansson H, Boutros PC, Moffat ID, Okey AB, Fanelli R. Differential expression profiling of the hepatic proteome in a rat model of dioxin resistance: correlation with genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006 May;5(5):882-94.
Boutros PC, Okey AB. Unsupervised pattern recognition: an introduction to the whys and wherefores of clustering microarray data. Brief Bioinform. 2005 Dec;6(4):331-43. Review.
Heisler LE, Torti D, Boutros PC, Watson J, Chan C, Winegarden N, Takahashi M, Yau P, Huang TH, Farnham PJ, Jurisica I, Woodgett JR, Bremner R, Penn LZ, Der SD. CpG Island microarray probe sequences derived from a physical library are representative of CpG Islands annotated on the human genome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 May 23;33(9):2952-61.
Boutros PC, Okey AB. PUNS: transcriptomic- and genomic-in silico PCR for enhanced primer design. Bioinformatics. 2004 Oct 12;20(15):2399-400.
Boutros PC, Moffat ID, Franc MA, Tijet N, Tuomisto J, Pohjanvirta R, Okey AB. Dioxin-responsive AHRE-II gene battery: identification by phylogenetic footprinting. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Aug 27;321(3):707-15.